Gender Systems in Nakh-Daghestaninan languages

Download database of gender systems: .csv

Download dataset of Nakh-Daghestanian settlements: .csv

about database

Database contains information about structure of gender systems in Nakh-Daghestaninan languages.

Language - name of language or its dialect
Class — number of gender in a language
Sg - gender marker in singular
PL - gender marker in plural
S_label - source label, how gender marked in the source (e.g. Roman numbers)
label - custom labels:
- F for gender where all women and only women are included
- M for gender where all men and only men are included
- N a third gender that includes everything except F and M (is the only such gender)
semantic - semantic description of the gender from the source
source - info source, e.g. [Ihilov 1967: 9-15]
comments - for any extra info one would like to mention

Number of genders in Nakh-Daghestanian languages:

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spatial autocorrelation

Spatial autocorrelation was calculated globally and localy in order to detect any spatial patterns in distribution of gender systems. Used tests:

Moran’s I — gloabl spatial autocorrelation
Getis and Ord Gi* — local spatial autocorrelation

First Moran’s I is calculated:

## 
##  Moran I test under normality
## 
## data:  sp_df$classes  
## weights: ww    
## 
## Moran I statistic standard deviate = 55.417, p-value < 2.2e-16
## alternative hypothesis: greater
## sample estimates:
## Moran I statistic       Expectation          Variance 
##      0.8888687329     -0.0016260163      0.0002582162

Then Moran’s I Monte Carlo simulation (n = 1000) to verify the results:

## 
##  Monte-Carlo simulation of Moran I
## 
## data:  sp_df$classes 
## weights: ww  
## number of simulations + 1: 1000 
## 
## statistic = 0.88887, observed rank = 1000, p-value = 0.001
## alternative hypothesis: greater

To measure spatial autocorrelation a spatial weight matrix is created. Distance is calculated with k-nearest neighbors algorithm. K=10 is chosen. Calculating and mapping Getis and Ord Gi*:

Getis and Ord Gi*, if k=5:

Getis and Ord Gi*, if k=50:

references

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